PAN International Foundation

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Practical Guide for Healthcare Professionals on B12


Vitamin B12 is vital for overall health, primarily found in animal-sourced foods. With the growth of plant-based diets, it’s imperative for healthcare professionals to be knowledgeable about vitamin B12. Our comprehensive guide is designed to aid physicians, dietitians, and nutritionists in identifying and managing vitamin B12 deficiencies, particularly in vegans, vegetarians, and other at-risk groups like the elderly.

The guide provides an extensive look into the physiology and dietary sources of vitamin B12, addressing the adequacy of plant-based and fortified foods. It tackles common questions around vitamin B12 supplementation and its necessity in plant-based diets. In agreement with their physicians or healthcare professionals, individuals from various population groups should undergo regular testing and follow the appropriate supplementation plan.


“A few plant-based foods, such as tempeh, some edible algae, and a few mushrooms, might contain negligible amounts of vitamin B12. Most of these products are often difficult to find and to incorporate into daily diets. Plants are not a reliable source of B12, and those following a diet with little or no animal-based foods are strongly recommended to take vitamin B12 supplements. Most vegetarians, for example, who include dairy and eggs in their diets, do not obtain enough vitamin B12 for their needs from these foods.”


What this practical guide includes:

  • In-depth understanding of vitamin B12 and its key dietary sources

  • Physiology of vitamin B12

  • Populations at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency

  • Laboratory tests for assessing vitamin B12 levels

  • Comprehensive supplementation plans

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